Notes:

Occupation:  Carpenter & Farmer
Religion:  Lutheran

Chronology:
10 Oct 1833 born near Bielefeld, Westfalen
1853 or 1854:  Emigrates to the U.S.
29 Sep 1856:  Marries Elis Kleibocker at the Independent Evangelical Protestant Church in St. Louis by Reverend F. Picker
26 Aug 1858:  Birth of son Henry J.  in St. Louis, MO
1860 St. Louis City Directory. Cabinet Maker living on Madison between 14th and 15th. (Probable he was working for John H. Koppelmann at his furniture store.  Johann Heinrich Kleiboeker was working there at this time.)
1860:  Census shows he and his family in St. Louis, MO
Oct 1860:  Naturalized in St. Louis (per Chicago 1888 Voter record).
5 May 1861:  Enlists in Co. C, 5th Missouri Infantry
11 May 1861:  Mustered into Service
Daily Democrat. Daily Democrat, May 13, 1861, excerpt Wholly to the recklessness and folly of some six or eight young men, whose conduct we personally observed, must be attributed the dreadful slaughter which occurred Saturday evening at Fifth and Walnut streets. We were passing up on the west side of Fifth street at Elm, when our attention was arrested by seeing persons on Fourth street gazing up the street and others on Walnut street looking toward Fourth. We were about crossing to Fourth when the cry of "Here they come", from persons on Walnut street led us to move toward Walnut. The advance of a body of U S Reserve Guard soon appeared, marching up Walnut from Fourth. As the head of the column approached these young men on the church porch gather up its southern extremity, overlooking the troops and began to do the utmost of which they were capable in the way of insulting, goading, harrowing, and heaping disgraceful reproaches up the troops….. The column march in fours, and proved a regiment from the Ninth and Tenth Wards, who were returning from the Arsenal, where that had just been sworn into the service of the American government, and had been provided with muskets as United States Reserve Guards. [Later in the news article they describe that seven men were killed.] Recieved in Email from Marian McCreary

20 Jun 1861:  Sunstroke, fell from roof of bldg he was working on, taken home to recuperate.
Sep 1861:  Officially discharged from Infantry
1863:  Moved to Washington County, IL (near Hoyleton)
5 Feb 1867:  Purchased  E1/2 of SE1/4 of NE 1/4 of Sec 5, T2S2W
1870:  Federal Census shows he and his family in Washington County, IL
11 Jan 1877:  Purchased SE1/3 of NE1/4 & SW 1/4 of NE1/4 of Sec 27, T1S2W
1880:  Census shows he and his family in Washington County, IL
13 Apr 1881:  Sold above listed land (1867 & 1877)
1888 Voter Registration:  Henry Welp, resident of IL for 25yrs, resident of county 7years.  Address 789 Houston Ave, Chicago, IL.  Naturalized in Oct 1860 in St. Louis, hard to read exact court, see jpg.
1890 Chicago City Directory.  Listed as Carpenter living at 8902 Houston Av
Apr 1891:  Applies for Invalid Pension in Chicago, IL
15 Jan 1898:  Living at 1422 Farrar Street in St. Louis, MO
4 Jun 1900:  Census shows Henry & wife in St. Louis, MO (Farrar Street)
13 Nov 1902:  Henry Welp dies in St. Louis.

Death Certificate gives birth as 10 Oct 1833 in Bielefeld, Wesfallen.  "Memories" gives birth as 12 Oct 1828 in Bielefeld, however I feel fairly sure the 1833 date is correct.  See census info:
1860 he is age 25 (1834) Occupation Carpenter
1870 he is age 36 (1833) Occupation Farmer
1880 he is age 47 (1832) Occupation Farmer
1900 he is age 66 and gives birth as Oct 1833, Occupation Cabinet Maker
His Obit lists his age as 69yrs, 1month and 3 days which equates to 10 Oct 1833.

(Research):Hello Mr. Russell,
in the City Archives, in a Bielefeld inhabitants list of 1840 I found a
Heinrich August Welp, 6 ³/4 years old, parents: weaver Friedrich Wilhelm Welp, 34, and Johanne Friederike, 26; brother: Johann Friedrich, 1 year old. Living in Canton I Nr. 19b of Bielefeld, that's not Bielefeld downtown or Bielefeld "Niew City", but not far away from downtown.
Children had in this time 2-5 names by their godfathers, and seeing those names in the church book or the lists, you cannot say, how there were called later on. (A father with 2 sons "Friedrich Wilhelm": which one is Fritz and which one Willy??) And in one list you find two names, in an other one 3 or 4 often different names of the same person. Though a Heinrich August can be your Hermann Heinrich (August). Since he must be born in 1833 (6 ³/4 years old in 1840), it should be your ancestor. He surely has been baptized in the downtown Nicolai Church - but there we have no chance, because all church books of the 19th century since 1819 are destroyed by Worldwar II (September 1944).
In the church books of Bielefeld Neustadt there is no Welp to find, baptized in 1833.
Church books of Heepen / County Bielefeld burned about 1850 in the church community house.
In January I will see the church books of Schildesche and Jöllenbeck, County Bielefeld.
If I find nothing there, you should ask for Rehme and Gohfeld to the
Archiv des Landeskirchenamtes
Ritterstraße 19
33602 Bielefeld.
Merry Christmas
Monika Minninger

Birth research starts here:
Checked LDS microfilms for Bielefeld
Evangelische Kirche. Nicolaikirche Altstadt (Bielefeld)
Evangelische Kirche. Marienkirche Neustadt (Bielefeld)

Checked familysearch IGI and found Welps in.....
Bielefeld
Bielefeld-Neustadt
Bielefeld-Alstadt
Heepen which is east of Bielefeld
Brackwede which is south of Bielefeld
Rehme and Gohfeld Oeynhausen both northeast of Bielefeld
Schildesche which is north of Bielefeld
Joellenbeck which is north of Bielefeld
Steinhagen just outside Bielefeld.
I did not find anyone matching this particular Henry Welp, with one exception.  Per IGI online at familysearch there was a Herman Heinrich Welp born on 15 Oct 1833 and christened on 20 Oct 1833 at the Evangelical Church at Brackwede, Westfalen.  Parents were Johann Heinrich Welp & Catherine Margarethe Kulbrock.  Further research shows this man married in Brackwede in 1860 so he is not our Henry Welp.

(Medical):Death Certificate gives birth as 10 Oct 1833 in Bielefeld, Wesfallen.  "Memories" gives birth as 12 Oct 1828 in Bielefeld, however I feel fairly sure the 1833 date is correct.  See census info:
1860 he is age 25 (1834) Occupation Carpenter
1870 he is age 36 (1833) Occupation Farmer
1880 he is age 47 (1832) Occupation Farmer
1900 he is age 66 and gives birth as Oct 1833, Occupation Cabinet Maker
His Obit lists his age as 69yrs, 1month and 3 days which equates to 10 Oct 1833.

Herman married Anna Marie Elizabeth<-u> Kleiboeker 28 Sep 1856, Independant Evangelical, St. Louis, MO. Anna (daughter of Joh. Bernhard<-u> Kleyböker and Marie Alheid Dierkes) was born 6 May 1835, Rüsfort, Hannover; was christened 10 May 1835, St. Christophus Kirche, Gehrde; died 25 Apr 1905, St. Louis, Missouri; was buried 28 Apr 1905, New Bethlehem Cemetery, St. Louis, MO. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Heuermann at Höpkers Behausung = Hired man at Höpker's Dwelling.

(Research):In the testament of John Hermann Kleyboecker on 22 March 1802 The following words there: "These are cargo trains) (in Voerde preserve the family as Kleyboekerschen Fideikommiss. This means that the properties are subject to Voerder as an inalienable ancestral home of a certain succession. From the wills also shows that Johann Mencke Kleyboecker, who died in 1790, the possessions Voerder has received from his father.
NOTE not necessarily this Joh. Hermann Kleyboeker.JSR

Joh. married Catherine Elis. Lindemann 20 Aug 1787, Neuenkirchen bei Vörden. Catherine (daughter of Hermann Heinrich Lindemann and Anna Adelheid<-u> Möller) was born 5 Nov 1758, Neuenkirchen bei Vörden; died 11 Mar 1816. [Group Sheet]